Porridges Began to give the child 5 month and fruit mashed potatoes Prompt on skolku gr...

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Porridges Began to give the child 5 month and fruit mashed potatoes Prompt on skolku gram it is necessary to give all and what menu should be. We eat 6 times day. On iskustvennom feeding.

[Bolshakova M.A.]

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First enter one prikorm - either a porridge or vegetables. Usually enter prikorm at 5 single feeding

[Not-doctor]

Be cautious with this link. A butter do not give the child in 5 months. A yolk in 7 too rather sporen. Prikorm it is entered about 1/4 teaspoons, postpenno increasing or enlarging quantity or amount...

[The anonym]

Come better on a site: www. detki. de There the adequate information on introduction prikorma.

[Attributes of readiness for input prikorma]

Prikorm a thing specific, terribly individual. There are no ready models for all children. There are only presumable variations from which you choose that most approaches or suits concrete, terribly individual kid.

So, your kid is on feeding by the adapted nutrition (thoracal milk or the adapted admixture of last generation). And you already reflect when to offer the child prikorm.

Here, if to collect together even references RAMNa, APP, the CART - it is possible to get confused. One declare: enter into 3 months! Others speak wait for age of 4 6 months . The third - on an adequate delivery the child before age of half a year in prikorme does not require! . So rights?

Well at once it would be desirable to tell or say, that references RAMNA contradict references of the CART. And the argument lame on two legs or foots. Why it is not necessary to enter prikorm earlier 4 h months (and the more so why not from juices), perhaps, will make sense to bear or take out in separate clause or article. Now here I only shall recommend to look or see chapter or head 8. 2 of " References of the CART about terms of physiological maturing and development, and to draw the conclusions.

Good, this was similar more to lyrical digression, therefore you is come back to our essential - how to define or determine, that data, the concrete child is ready to prikormu, to what age references to follow.

Here at once it would be desirable to tell or say: prikorm it is entered at all on achievement of any age - age only one of factors. It is possible to judge readiness only on presence of set of factors:


Age not less 4 months. (for detok which were born before term, for a basis undertakes gestatsionnyj age).
The child has doubled weight from a birth. For not full-term detok factor 2, 5.
At the child the pushing out reflex of tongue has left. To eat to allow to have a drink from the spoon its or her contents will not appear on a chin (and prikorm we give EXCLUSIVELY from the spoon that he passed or took place processing by a saliva).
The child is able to sit. Can bend the case in a direction to the spoon or deviate back, refusing from meal. Is able to supervise turn of a head - can turn away in default. Or to incline a head.
If iskusstvennik eats more than litre of an admixture a day, and does not gorge on. If on thoracal feeding in each feeding eats both breasts and very much wants still.
The child can something clamp in a cam and purposefully thrust in rotik.
And the main thing - children show HUGE interest to nutrition of parents and aspire to try or taste it or her. The nature itself lets know, when an organism of the child already in a status to accept other meal, except for adapted (an admixture or milk of mum).
At each child this period when factors of readiness are already shown ALL, comes individually. On the average in an interval between 5 and 9 months. By the way, even twins can - to give a miscellaneous attributes. There are situations when the child gives all attributes of readiness already in 4 months, and there are situations when the child can wait and about one year - but these are more extreme situations though they as are a variant of norm or rate.

Therefore DO NOT HURRY up with prikormom. Better " chut-hardly " later than to hurry. If at the child a good adequate delivery (thoracal milk or the good adapted admixture) - he will not be deprived by a source of alimentary substances.



Be cautious in decision-making,
Anna Pavljuk

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[prikorm: the spoon vs. butylochka]

Completely to understand why so important to give the child I go from a spoon, instead of from butylochki, it is necessary to imagine well, that such process of digestion as well as where he occurs or happens.

But for the beginning a few not clear terms:-)

Process of transformation of nutrition in the substances which are soaked up in a blood and acquired organism, is called as digestion. During digestion the nutrition after physical and a chemical treatment will be transformed to the energy necessary for vital activity of an organism.

The concept "digestion" is indissolubly connected with concept of digestive enzymes. Digestive enzymes are a highly specialized part of enzymes, which primary goal - splitting of complex or difficult alimentary substances in zheludochno-an intestinal tract up to more simple which are already immediately acquired by an organism.

Process of digestion begins already in a mouth. The nutrition eaten by us, - a piece of meat, salad, bread, a porridge, etc. - in an oral cavity is well chewed and moistened with a saliva. But in an oral cavity occurs or happens not only mechanical crushing of peep, but also a chemical treatment: splitting complex or difficult carbohydrates (Amylum) on more simple components - sugary substances - under action of enzyme L-of the amylase containing in a saliva begins.

The basic enzymes splitting carbohydrates, the amylase, saccharose and lactose are L-. And more than 90 % of a specific gravity or relative density the amylase borrows or occupies L-. As the most part of carbohydrates consumed by us are complex or difficult, and L-an amylase accordingly - the basic digestive enzyme splitting complex or difficult carbohydrates. The mucous substance of a saliva (mucin) promotes obvolakivaniju particles of nutrition and to their moving through an esophagus in a stomach.

Simply take into account:-). In the mixed saliva there are and many other digestive enzymes - proteases, peptidases, glikozidazy, maltoses, etc., but all of them of a microbial or cellular parentage, low concentration and do not play skolko-nibud an appreciable role in digestion. In a saliva also there is a hormone parotin, produced okoloushnymi sialadens and participating in a regulation of an exchange of a calcium. In her the factor of coagulating and anticoagulating systems of a blood, series of the factors influencing processes of neogenesis contains in high concentration, on metabolic processes of a liver, function of a stomach, etc. In a saliva there is a lot of factors (the majority from which possess biologically active properties) - a lysozyme, immunoglobulins, etc., capable to destroy or blast a microflora to connect or bind toxins to carry out antimicrobial and immunologic mechanisms of protection.

But us the saliva from the point of view of process of splitting of carbohydrates interests. Therefore we shall consider or examine it or him more in detail.

As is known, carbohydrates share on simple and complex or difficult.
Simple carbohydrates of Saccharum (a glucose, fructose) do not demand digestion. They are safely soaked up in a mouth, 12 and perstnoj an intestine and a thin intestine.

Complex or Difficult carbohydrates - Amylum and a glycogen demand digestion (splitting) up to simple Saccharums.

As I already have mentioned above, partial splitting of complex or difficult carbohydrates begins already in a mouth, t. To. The saliva contains L-an amylase - the enzyme splitting carbohydrates. The amylase of saliva L-an amylase, carries out only the first phases of disintegration of Amylum or a glycogen with education of dextrines and maltozy. In a stomach where gets alimentary komok (a piece of peep after processing in a mouth), action salivary L - amylases stops iz-for acidic reactions of a contained stomach.

However in deeper layers alimentary komka where the gastric juice not at once gets, action salivary L-amylases some time proceeds and there is a splitting polysaccharides to education of dextrines and maltozy. This alkalescent reaction proceeds approximately within 20 30 minutes and all this time goes continuous splitting Amylum by enzymes of a saliva. After this time the acidic gastric juice impregnates nutrition entirely, thus action of enzymes of a saliva stops.

When the nutrition gets in a duodenum, the most important phase of transformation of Amylum (glycogen) there is carried out, rn increases till neutral medium and L - the amylase becomes as much as possible more active or will as much as possible be activated. Amylum and a glycogen completely break up up to maltozy. In an intestine maltoza very quickly breaks up to 2 molecules of a glucose which are quickly soaked up.

Eventually, all carbohydrates of nutrition break up to monosaccharides making them (mainly the glucose, fructose and a galactose) which are soaked up by an intestinal wall and then get in a blood.

I have described so in detail this process not simply so and to show you as primary processing of peep by a saliva in a mouth is important. But such processing, wetting and impregnation of peep by a saliva, occurs or happens only under condition of, if the kid eats a porridge (or any lruguju nutrition) from the spoon, instead of from butylochki. When the kid eats from butylochki, the nutrition has not time to be processed by a saliva and at once gets in a throat and reaches on an esophagus a stomach, and not having passed or not having taken place processing by an amylase. And it affects process of digestion: tightening or delaying, slowing down or being slow and complicating it or him, - as the nutrition gets in a stomach not split, therefore it is necessary to start to split nutrition from the very beginning only immediately in a stomach though this process should begin in a mouth.

When the kid receives nutrition from the spoon, before swallowing it or her, he any time holds it or her in a mouth, tries to chew, if is zubki (or pomjat gums or gingivas if a teeth is not present), some time the nutrition becomes impregnated with that a saliva, and further goes to a stomach already processed by an amylase.


Yours faithfully, Anna Lifar (Pansies)

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[Than it is harmful early prikorm]

At present there are some ways of introduction prikorma: one - to begin prikorm before half a year with juices and fruit mashed potatoes, another - to begin prikorm it is necessary on the average not earlier half a year or from porridges (if there is a disadvantage of weight), or from vegetable mashed potatoes (if there is a search of weight). I am am imposed more by the second way of introduction prikormov, and for it or him I everywhere agitate.

To enter prikorm it is necessary when the child will be ready to it or him;them. It can be found out under some factors. On the average it occurs or happens gde-that in an interval between 5 ju and 9 ju months. But there are children, which can exclusively be on the formula (admixture) or thoracal milk (without any prikorma) more than 9 ti months, and even year! But also there are also such kids who to all attributes of readiness to prikormu will be ready to it or him;them and in 4 months, but such situations more likely exception, than a rule. But it is absolutely exact, no kid can be ready to prikormu EARLIER 4 h months. At the majority of children readiness occurs or happens in half a year.


On what set of factors it is possible to find out, whether the kid to prikormu is ready?

To the child not less than 6 and months;
The child has doubled weight from a birth (and in case of early sorts or labors till 37 weeks - weight increased on 2, 5);
The child is able to sit independently and can remove or turn away a head, refusing from meal;
Your child well holds a head. Even the scrubbed or wiped children's nutrition cannot be given the child until he will not learn to hold well a head when it or him arrange in a sitting position; with nutrition in the form of the whole slices it is necessary to wait until the child will not learn to sit independently, that usually occurs or happens not earlier than seven months.
The child eats daily more than litre of an admixture (or more than 12 applyings when both breasts are eaten) and wants still;
Tongue of the kid does not make reflex pushing out movements. This reflex forces babies to push out from a mouth unfamiliar subjects (the congenital mechanism protecting them from threat to choke by an alien or a foreign subject). Try to spend the following test: enclose from an end of a finger or a teaspoon in a mouth of the child a little bit the children's boiled rice dissolved by thoracal milk or an artificial admixture. If the nutrition will be pushed out by back tongue and it will repeat after several attempts the pushing out reflex still is present, and the child is not ready to eat yet from a spoon;
Ability to move tongue vpered-back, and also vverh-downwards. You can establish or install it by means of observation;
The child is capable to extend forward a lower lip to take meal from a spoon;
And the most important - the child shows HUGE interest to nutrition of parents, and it not interest of acquaintance to new taste, and desire to bite and eat. The child stretches arms or hand or even in any image shows interest to nutrition on a table. The kid who aspires to pull out a plug from your arms or hand, takes bread from your plate and with interest sees off a view each slice, getting to you in a mouth, is ready to try or taste adult nutrition;
However there are cases when the kid, to all external attributes ready to reception of firm nutrition, should wait - usually iz-for hereditary for predisposition to an allergy. Until the situation with development of an allergy does not become clearer, children with such heredity during a greater part of the first year of a life usually advise to feed with exclusively thoracal milk or to enter into a ration firm nutrition very cautiously)
Of all aforesaid we do or make a conclusion what on the average to enter prikorm before 4 6 months not expediently as fermentivnye systems of the kid are not absolutely ready to digest yet new products (especially, such aggressive, on the structure, as juices and fruit mashed potatoes. The kid at such age and in such quantity or amount will not receive advantage or benefit of them any, but a load on kidneys of the kid - in full). Usually the child is ready to prikormu in 4 6 months (as I already wrote - someone earlier, someone later).

At early introduction prikorma the pancreas of the kid strains, iz-that she tries to develop or produce some necessary and necessary enzymes to process prikorm (that is products which were not known yet to the kid and its or his pancreatic). The diathesis From here can creep out, and the God knows a digestive disturbance that else. Therefore the child before half a year has enough for normal development only thoracal milk or the adapted admixture of the first level which are developed by experts in view of needs or requirements of the thoracal kid for vitamins, minerals, etc. These admixtures are as much as possible approached on structure to thoracal milk. As the first prikorma it is desirable to do or make Kashi either on water, or on an admixture, or on thoracal milk and at all on the cow milk!

Before normal admixtures was not, poetomu-that kids and fed cow with milk (in fact it was necessary though to something to feed). But it became known, in maternal milk and as much as possible adapted admixtures (confidants on structure to thoracal milk) the parity or ratio of serumal fiber and a casein makes gde-that of 60 % on 40 %. In not diluted cow milk and the sour-milk products made or produced of it or him the maintenance or contents of a protein twice above, and the parity or ratio of serumal fiber and a casein makes 20 % on 80 %. Kidneys of small children are not capable to cope with such excess of sodium, and, probably, therefore the nature has made thoracal milk a delivery with very low maintenance or contents of sodium (only 5 mg of sodium on 235 g in comparison about 120 mg in the cow milk). Therefore the cow milk badly is digested, framing the raised or increased load on kidneys and system of a metabolism of the kid.

As I already wrote above, the cow milk does not contain in the structure of all nutrients which are necessary for the child in the first months of a life, and in itself there is more than salt and a protein, than in thoracal milk or an artificial admixture, and this excess causes an excessive load on kidneys. In itself also there is no gland. To kids who eat exclusively cow milk, as well as those who receives not obogashchennuju iron an artificial admixture, additives of iron in the form of vitaminno-mineral drops (later the porridge strengthened by iron can compensate for the deficiency this element) are required. Besides the cow milk causes a small bleeding in some babies in an intestine. Though the blood leaves with a chair and it or her usually it is not visible to the naked eye, the bleeding represents health hazard of the child as is capable to lead to an anemia.

In general, strictly speaking, the newborn the first half a year is able to digest only maternal milk or at the worst an admixture, but in any way juices, mashed potatoes and porridges. More less pancreatic is ready to introduction prikorma not earlier than 6 months from a birth (at each child, certainly, all - to a miscellaneous, but there is a certain average term).

If nevertheless mummy wishes to enter prikorm before 4 6 months especially it is better to start to do or make it not from juices, and from porridges (at them less aggressive influence on GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT kid). Those who recommends to begin prikorm with juices, stand up for its or his extraordinary vitaminizirovannost, but all the matter is that biological availability of trace substances and minerals in juices makes 1, 5 2 %. That is from all quantity or amount of the drunk juice for a day 2 % will be acquired ONLY. The child 200 g will drink juice - 2 % from 200 kid litre of juice will be acquired Will drink, 2 % from 1 litre of juice will all the same be acquired only (but you in fact understand to reach or achieve that the child will be navitaminizirovan by means of juice on 100 %, he will need to drink not one litre of juice that is impossible neither with theoretical, nor from the practical point of view).

All necessary vitamins are either in an admixture, or in thoracal milk and they completely cover necessary vitamin need at the child. Usually to half a year the hyperpermeability of a mucosa of an intestine decreases, maturing of some alimentary enzymes is marked or celebrated, the sufficient level of local immunity of an intestine is formed and ripen mechanisms proglatyvanija semifluid and firm nutrition (passes or takes place a reflex of so-called pushing out of the spoon). A porridge - softer prikorm, rather than And porridges usually enter vegetables, juices and fruit mashed potatoes (in fruit fructose which is not necessary yet to the kid contains, but aggressively acts on a stomach and pancreatic the kid) without Saccharum, salts and milk (if only on decanted thoracal or on an admixture which is eaten usually with the kid). Therefore a load at such kind prikorma on pancreatic - minimal (at introduction prikorma before half a year); and in general is absent (at introduction prikorma after half a year).

Therefore now the modern "advanced" pediatrists it is recommended to enter prikormy from porridges (or even from vegetables at an overabundance of weight at the child), and already only then to enter fruit mashed potatoes. And juices....

And it is possible to forget about juices in general about one year a minimum! And to enter them it will be necessary in strongly diluted kind. Believe, absence in a ration of the child of juices approximately about one year (well even till 8 months!!) it will not be reflected in any way in its or his state of health and health, and here its or his presence can do much harm. What for to risk health of the child!?


Yours faithfully, Pansies (Anna Lifar
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[Why our mums gave us juice, and that from this]

Vse-taki the given material pulls on "reasonings", than advice or councils and references more. To its or his creation I was induced with discussion in a parent forum about input prikorma from juices. Unfortunately, defenders of this method except for we drink - and it's OK or our mums us or other argument do not result or bring. And reasons of opposition are diligently ignored, sending to experience of those mums, which or .

Here about them also we shall talk. Why our mothers and why it is not necessary to do or make it to us could poit.

Especially this material should be read through to mums not full-term detok. As, unfortunately, neonatologi extremely seldom read the modern literature, it is more and more being guided on the knowledge received from textbooks of times of Tsar of Peas, approving or confirming that hurried detkam well are simply very necessary "sokovlivanija" already in 2 months.

Good, I stop verbalizations and I begin a narration.

The technique of input prikorma juice has been especially widespread during up to 70 years. And not only in Russia, but also in the Europe and America. But already in the extremity or end 60 in America and the Europe there were first references on restriction of similar alimentary actions for children. Russia as always in a tail, for burzhuinskimi children weights have no observation, it is necessary independently 15 to attack time a raker to realize sense of an event.

From observations for detkami 6 12 years which have grown on a wave early sokovlivany, and the information was going to, that similar methods can be fraught with long-term consequences. Danger trapped not only in the form of instant allergic displays, but also in the subsequent reactions of a maturing organism. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT the child already since a birth, receiving not adapted nutrition (and references to give juices were since 3 h weeks), worked in extreme conditions, on deterioration . And during the moment of the physiological stressful periods (preteenage and teenage age) it is simply banal it was broken, awarding the child a bouquet of diseases of type of gastritises, a pancreatitis, problems with mucous an intestine, etc.

And opjat-taki, addressing by then, we shall recollect, that the basic emphasis was done or made on artificial feeding (and during this period was considered to finish feeding better the child an admixture than to support or maintain thoracal feeding, and mother was recommended to use as soon as possible services of a day nursery to leave on labour watch) - the child required additional sources of alimentary substances. Here is how time also became actual a principle of " a smaller harm .

Yes, juices as the first prikorma harm. But an insufficient delivery iz-for otsutsvija thoracal milk, on a milk or dairy admixture of not balanced structure with crystalline Saccharum (and our mums should remember how vyseivali Saccharum from admixtures a sieve) from the cow milk or yogurt, for the child more dangerously. Deficiency of nutrients provokes serious defects of development while problems GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT vo-the first are more remote in time (more often up to predpubertata) and vo-the second are potentially familiar and theoretically curable.

And now digits.:)
I shall give an example.... M.. On iron or gland. More precisely on its or his maintenance or contents in the various alimentary sources suitable for the child of thoracal age and needs or requirements of the child in that.

In thoracal milk the maintenance or contents of iron slightly in itself, nearby 0, 04 mg on 100 gram. But at iron in thoracal milk the most unique biological availability - 50 75 %. Any product in the world does not give such. e. The soaked up quantity or amount in mkg/makes 100 gram nearby 20 30.

In the modern adapted admixtures the maintenance or contents of glandular Zinci sulfas of the order 0, 2 0, 4 mg/100 gram (in obogashchennyh admixtures 0, 6/100 gram). C the account of its or his biological availability (and it makes the order of 20 %) the soaked up quantity or amount makes from 40 up to 120 mkg/100 gram.

According to the CART 20 mkg/100 gram is enough for satisfaction of needs or requirements of the child up to age of 6 8 months on the average. In admixtures in which there are no additional factors stimulating an absorption, the maintenance or contents of iron as it is possible to see - is overestimated.

And here in a milk or dairy admixture with which fed us of mum the maintenance or contents of iron twice less than in thoracal milk 0, 02 mg/100 gram. Biological availability low - 10 %... And the quantity or amount of soaked up iron turns out only 2 mkg/100 gram of an admixture.

e. For the child who at that time was on artificial feeding, prophylaxis of an iron deficiency anemia was very actual. Because from an accessible delivery he received less than 1/10 necessary quantities or amounts.

It was especially actual for not full-term children because own stocks iz-for reduced term perinatalnogo developments were minimal, and as a rule were exhausted already to 2 m to months up to a minimum level.

Juices acted though as any alternative of the decision of a similar problem. Really THOUGH KAKOJ-ANY. Because to the child, age of a physiological dismaturity to prikormu to offer firm nutrition it is impossible (slices, mashed potatoes). Exclusively liquid. Such, how juices and broths (now it is clear as passion of pediatrists of old school to feed the child "supchikom" already in 4 5 months?). And so, juices... The maintenance or contents of iron in obogashchennom apple juice makes nearby 0, 4 0, 5 mg/100 gram. Biological availability - 1 2 %. t. e. It is soaked up the order 4 mkg/100 gram.

Therefore that, to age of physiological decrease of stocks of iron in an organism (the order 4 h month) at the child in a delivery should be already ENOUGH of other source of iron - juice. At least even these or it of 100 gram of juice a day. But if them at once to give the child - he, forgive or excuse, it will be bent. Therefore that entered as soon as possible to stretch or drag out the period of accustoming. To smooth stressful effect.

And why the reference was general - yes the reason is simple - not enough what pediatrist will understand, whether really mother nurses well, not finishing feeding the cow milk? And the reference should be standardized! Mother can deceives or does not finish speaking about features of a delivery of the baby? And the child suffers. potomu-that, proceeding from a principle of a smaller harm, is better this reference have made general. If there will be any harm - he will be small, in comparison with problems of defect of body height at the child in the first year iz-for bad deliveries not adapted nutrition.

Here, actually and all... The basic trouble that in conditions of a modern delivery of kids, pluss of input of juice have lost akutalnost. And when even the doubtful advantage or benefit is not present, that remains?

Well and at last: nobody approves or confirms, that juices - a universal harm . When juices are entered into the correct moment for them, they will act in new quality as stimulators of enzymatic activity for the child receiving a plenty of "serious" products - when in a delivery of the child are already entered porridges, vegetables, fruit, meat, a fish, sour-milk products... To simply all the time.


Do not forget to ask more often to itself a question What for? ,
Anna Pavljuk




In clause or article materials are used:

R. F. Hurell, S. Jacob. Role of the food industry in iron nutrition: iron intake from industrial food products. In: Hallberg, L. And Asp, N. G., ed. Iron nutrition in health and disease. London, John Libbey and Co., 1996.

B. Loennerdal. Breastfeeding and formulas: the role of lactoferrin. In: Hallberg, L. And Asp, N. G., ed. Iron nutrition in health and disease. London, John Libbey and Co., 1996.

A. Pisacane, ET AL. Iron status in breast-fed infants. Journal of pediatrics, 127 (1995).

K. G. Dewey, ET AL. Effects of age of introduction of complementary foods on iron status of breast-fed infants in Honduras. American journal of clinical nutrition, 67 (1998).

K. F. Michaelsen, L. Weaver, F. Branca, A. Robertson. Feeding
And a delivery of thoracal children and children of early age. Methodical references for the European region the CART with special accent or stress on republics of former Soviet Union. Regional publications the CART, the European series 87, unisef (2001).

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